Why Will Vehicle Event Data Recorders (“Black Boxes”) Be Required to Record More Detailed Data by September, 2027?

Seemingly, the “detailed” data now being collected whenever a motor vehicle crash takes place is enough to provide many experts, and the courts, with an acceptable understanding of how a collision occurred. Yet the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has completed a new ruling, effective January 17, 2025, that will require motor vehicle manufacturers to record data at a much higher detail and over a much longer time. The present requirement is to record at 2 samples every second over a time of 5 seconds. The new requirement will be to record at 10 samples every second over a time of 20 seconds. This requirement must be enabled by most motor vehicle manufacturers by September 1, 2027. Is this additional detail necessary? The average citizen has no idea.

In NHTSA’s discussion of the Final Ruling, they summarized the need as follows:

“The increased sample rate required by this final rule will provide crash investigators a better understanding of the sequence of pre-crash actions, and the increased recording duration will provide more details on actions taken prior to crashes. Specifically, with the implementation of this final rule’s increased recording duration, actions such as running a stop sign or red light could be captured in full and included in crash reconstruction when supplemented with roadway and traffic control information. The increased recorded duration could also help capture any corrective maneuvers taken by a vehicle prior to an initial road departure. The increased data recording frequency required by this final rule will help clarify the interpretation of recorded pre-crash information, including braking and steering actions taken by a vehicle. It will also help reduce potential uncertainty related to the relative timing of recorded data elements, and assist with the identification of potential pedal misapplication.”

In another section of NHTSA’s report they discussed the content of an earlier Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM). In the NPRM the following comment was given:

“In support of the proposal, the NPRM explained that in some crash circumstances ( e.g., brake application and release or rapid reversals in steering input of less than 0.5 seconds), 2 Hz may be insufficient to identify crash causation factors, as it is possible for an EDR recording at 2 Hz to miss rapid vehicle control inputs. Thus, although more crash causation information would be captured with the proposed 20 second time duration, this data could be misinterpreted without a refinement and increase in the EDR sampling acquisition frequency.”

So NHTSA is stating that there is a problem.

The requirement for additional detail and duration of recording comes with a cost. NHTSA argues that the cost is not that large as most current hardware is able to meet that requirement without much re-design.

It is worthwhile noting that NHTSA’s requirements as to what manufacturers must record were originally created in 2006, or almost 20 years ago. NHTSA’s position was that, these requirements must exist only if manufacturers chose to install an event data recorder (EDR). In other words manufacturers could refuse to install an EDR as their option, but if an EDR exists it must record a list of 15 required parameters. To this day manufacturers still have the option of not installing an EDR in their vehicles.