Testing at “Deplorable” CN Railway Crossing on Hardy Road in Brantford

Yesterday the Brantford Expositor newspaper ran an article about the “deplorable” condition of the CN railway crossing on Hardy Road in Brantford. In response Gorski Consulting attended the site and conducted objective testing to find out how “deplorable” the crossing actually was. As per standard procedures, video cameras were attached to the exterior and interior of a test vehicle and gyro sensors documented the extent of lateral and longitudinal motion of the test vehicle as it passed over the crossing. This procedure is identical to the methods that were used to develop the Road Data database on the Gorski Consulting website. We are now in the process of synchronizing the video and gyro data and should have some results in a day or two.

The numerical values of Lateral and Longitudinal Rotation will be reported in radians per second. One radian is equal to 57.3. High motions of a vehicle travelling at 80 km/h along a poor road surface over a time of 30 seconds might generate average values of motion of about 0.0500 radians per second. Translated, this would be equal to about ( 0.0500 X 57.3) 2.87 degrees per second.

The situation of a singular and short disturbance such as a railway crossing is different since the vehicle motion may be experienced only within a second or two. Thus we need to look at that very short time frame when the test vehicle is travelling over  the rail crossing. Previous testing of speed bumps, bridge junctions and incomplete road repairs is published in the Road Data webpage of the Gorski Consulting website. As an extreme example, our test vehicle encountered a depression at an incomplete road repair in London, Ontario whereby the bottom of the test vehicle struck the pavement at low speed of just 32 km/h. The resultant motion documented by the gyro sensors indicated a peak, spike in motion of 0.7000 radians per second or 40 degrees per second !!. Luckily the impact did not deploy the test vehicle’s air bags.

It will be interesting to see  what the data shows for the Hardy Road crossing. Stay tuned.

Fatal Impact of Median Barrier Not Mentioned in Hwy 403 Crash in Mississauga Ontario

It was mis-leading of the OPP and news media not to mention that this vehicle struck a median barrier as part of the collision event that led to the driver’s death.

There has been an improvement in recent years in the reporting of collision events by police agencies such as the OPP. Twitter posts by the OPP include some basic photos of the site and vehicles involved. The viewing of these photos is not just a matter of morbid curiosity but it allows for independent agencies such as Gorski Consulting to provide further assessments and cautions about safety issues that may not be obvious to the general public.

Unfortunately, there continues to exist a strange pre-occupation in providing misleading information by police and news media that is not helpful to anyone.  In the present case the OPP provided a photo (shown above) of the collision-involved vehicle that reportedly rolled over on Hwy 403 near Winston Churchill Boulevard in Mississauga, Ontario. That submission was helpful. However the circumstances by which this vehicle came into difficulty should have been explained. Whether it is the fault of the OPP or the news media is not clear. But the combination of the two has resulted in a failure to reveal certain aspects of the fatality  that the public ought to know.

While the collision was reported as a rollover, it was likely more complicated than that. The environment of Hwy 403 presents a large area of level road surface which provides a safety benefit to road users, even if a vehicle rolls over. That level surface gives the opportunity for a rolling vehicle to continue its roll without any sudden impacts or snagging that might occur in an environment of an uneven surface. The bottom line is that in most simple rollovers the vehicle decelerates at a very moderate level in the range of 0.5 g. That deceleration is often lower that what one could expect from maximum braking. So the deceleration, in itself, is not dangerous as the vehicle may reduce its speed to final rest over many seconds, depending on its initial speed. So what we should expect in a simple rollover on a Highway such as the 403 is a situation that could be quite benign, provided that the occupants of a vehicle remain inside it and there is no structural intrusion into where the occupants are seated. It should be somewhat surprising therefore that the female driver of the vehicle was pronounced dead. While rollovers can be unpredictable, some explanation should have accompanied the reporting of this incident as to why a fatality occurred.

The benefit of social media such as Twitter is that we can actually hear alternative and independent explanations of what happened and such was the case here. An independent witness to the collision identified on Twitter as “ABerezuk” reported that:

“I saw it happen. The Jeep in the left lane heading on the 407 at the 407/403 split westbound. At the last second they leaned changed to the right lane. Then over onto the shoulder before the Barrels/Median. I  believe they were focused on merging back into the 403 when they simply ran out of room. At the last second he tried to avoid the barrels. Hit them and started to roll. Came to a stop middle lane right in front of White hatchback. I think a VW.”

This is likely the barrier that was struck by the vehicle before it rolled over resulting in the death of the driver.

Never mind the specifics of what was mentioned above as some may be unclear or not completely accurate. What is valuable to know is that the vehicle struck “the barrels” and then rolled over. That is an important point. This indicates that this may not have been a simple rollover as described by police and official news media.

One only needs to examine the various accident photos at the site and the OPP photos to realize that there appears to have been some effort to prevent seeing the view of the struck barrier. In one of the news media photos a large fire truck was placed between the photographer and the struck barrier. In other instances the site photos were arranged in such a way to prevent showing the fact that the vehicle’s path passed through the location of the barrier. Such acts do not create a relationship of trust that the public should expect from official reporters of a death.

We provide “barrels” and other devices on roadsides and medians in order to the reduce the severity of collisions, not to increase their severity. While much research goes into placement of the proper  types of systems that may be of greatest benefit, they do not work perfectly in every collision situation. Also not all systems are properly tested and the general public sometimes become the guinea pigs for those tested, or untested, systems that fail. That is unfortunate but it is a reality. What we can do to reduce such tragedies is to identify situations where such devices might not have worked as well as expected. That may not be the fault of the designers or the installers or the maintainers of the roadway. But we simply cannot know where the problem lies if we do not conduct a thorough investigation and if the public is not made aware that a problem may exist.

One does not have to venture far back in history to recall the unfortunate instances where society failed to act swiftly to prevent the death of a number of human guinea pigs. Lap belts, over-powered air bags, GM ignition switches, the list goes on. Similar problems exist on the roads and roadsides that need to be identified so that corrections can be made to reduce the number of those future human guinea pigs.

“Tires were smoking and engines were screaming” – But did it happen?

Can a Mazda3 produce smoking tires and a screaming engine while accelerating from a stopped position?

Evidence at trials can be complicated and not always accurate.

A trial is taking place involving a dangerous driving charge against a young Cambridge woman, Jasmine Henning, with respect to a collision that reportedly occurred on June 11, 2017 on Water Street in Cambridge. A witness claimed that Henning’s Mazda3 was accelerated from a traffic signal along with a Hyundai Genesis and the witness claimed that “As soon as the light turned green they were gone. Tires were smoking and engines were screaming. They were a couple of pretty fast cars”.

The performance of small engine cars such as the Mazda3 can be altered and that needs to be revealed. However a typical Mazda3 cannot perform the type of accelerations described by the witness. A 300 horsepower Genesis would easily have not problem outracing the Mazda3.

As an example, testing had been performed by Gorski Consulting in June of 2014 involving maximum accelerations of a Mazda3 from initial speeds of 10 and 20 km/h, with the transmission set in 2nd gear. The results of one of the 20 km/h tests are shown in the chart below.

Results of a brief, maximum acceleration from in initial speed of 20 km/h by a Mazda3

In three tests from 20 km/h the average accelerations, over a time of about 3 to 4 seconds were 0.186, 0.177 and 0.188 g. Similarly, two tests performed from an initial speed of 10 km/h produced accelerations of 0.200 and 0.197 g. These are not massive values. Although the tests were not from a stopped position like the situation reported by the witness, it is highly doubtful that the Mazda3’s performance would be comparable to the Genesis and would not match the witness’s observation of “tires smoking and engines screaming”. That description may be more appropriate for the Genesis.

What actually caused the Mazda3 to travel out of control into opposing traffic needs more study than the small bits of information reported by the news media. Police reported some form of road surface “hump”. That road abnormality may be unrelated to the crash, just as was the opinion of the investigating police.

However, too often, roadway humps, bumps, depressions or subsidences are ignored and untested as possible causes of crashes. This is why Gorski Consulting conducts testing of various road surfaces and road characteristics so that one road can be compared to the next. Without the results from actual, objective testing, the opinions provided by collision reconstructionists and investigators may be inaccurate. The Road Data database is available for public viewing on the Road Data page of the Gorski Consulting website.

When a driver insists that no racing occurred and that some form of unexplainable malfunction occurred this may simply be a way of defending oneself from a serious charge. However when witness information sounds unusual, and police confirm the presence of a road surface abnormality, further study is prudent.

Rear-Ended Taxi Could Result in Fatalities

Given the extent of rear crush and the fact that five occupants were reportedly in this taxi suggests that fatal injuries to at least one of the occupants could be possible.

OPP have just uploaded the above photo on their Twitter account showing a taxi that was rear-ended, at an undisclosed location, by a pick-up truck. Given the extent of crush at the rear of the taxi, the difference is speed between the vehicles was likely “at highway speed”. Thus the crush does not indicate how fast each of the vehicles as travelling it just indicates the difference in speed between the vehicles. This is also referred to as change-in-speed, change-in-velocity or Delta-V.

Generally, vehicles are not tested for safety compliance in high-speed rear-end impacts therefore the safety performance of the struck vehicle cannot be guaranteed. What is known is that previous severities of impact in this range have led to fatalities for the rear occupants.

There is frontal damage to the taxi and that needs to be explained.

No word yet from the OPP as to what occurred, where or what injury consequences ensued.

The striking vehicle, shown below, does not show anywhere near the extent of crush as the taxi and this is common. Never-the-less it has sufficient crush that additional energy would have been dissipated by its structure. Undoubtedly OPP will download the crash data from the pick-up truck and its impact speed should be known.

The front end of the striking pick-up truck shows far less crush and this is typical for collisions like this. The stiffer front end of the truck generally over-rides the softer rear of the struck vehicle and there is this vast difference in crush between the two.The background of the photos suggests the collision site is in a rural area but on a higher volume highway which does not readily explain why a vehicle such as the taxi might be stopped or travelling slowly. In total there will need to be an explanation why there was such a large difference in speed between the vehicles  that would lead to this extreme impact. Details from the OPP are likely to follow.

New Road Data Available For Highways Near London Ontario

The Road Data webpage of this Gorski Consulting site has been updated with new data from testing along Veterans Memorial Parkway, Highway 401 and Highbury Ave in London, Ontario.

As expected the data indicates the relatively smooth surface conditions along southbound Veterans Memorial Parkway from Tartan Drive up to Highway 401. This is partly due to the recent repaving of that section of road in 2016 and 2017. Similarly, smooth surface conditions existed along westbound Highway 401 between Veterans Memorial Parkway and Highbury Ave.

It has been well known that Highbury Ave is not very pleasant to drive between Highway 401 and Hamilton Road, either southbound or northbound. Part of the discomfort is due to the uneven concrete surface. Testing southbound between Hwy 401 and Commissioners Road confirmed those perceptions as the lateral motion of the test vehicle was substantially greater than along the other two highways. This is despite the fact that the worse area, located southbound from just south of the Thames River bridge, has not yet been tested.

The results of the testing re-affirm the accuracy of the testing procedures. Multiple video cameras continue to be used to document the specific surfaces where the motion data is being sensed. This allows for very specific information on what disturbances to the test vehicle have caused that motion. This greater detail is not included in the Road Data file for obvious reasons that its complexity and detail cannot be uploaded to a website. However the additional details are available to the public who want to know those details. Simply contact Gorski Consulting via our website or on Twitter (@crashologist).

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